Master thesis power point

Master thesis power point

Master’s students focus on interdisciplinary training in biology, medicine and engineering, and some programs include options for business classes. Programs typically include thesis and non-thesis tracks. Master’s degree students take courses such as: biomaterials, artificial organs, and tissue engineering. Management Information Nov 21,  · The thing we call slavery and the thing we call capitalism both continue to provoke scholars with their incestuous relationship. In Eric Williams published his classic Capitalism and Slavery which sparked a scholarly conversation that has yet to die down in In many ways, the debates it generated are more vibrant now than ever and promise to be a lasting touchstone for Frink was a master teacher for nearly 25 years and fostered a battalion of students who unanimously hold her, and her method, in the highest regard. On July 13, , Laurie Frink lost her battle against cancer and passed away at age Her death created a vacuum of information regarding her trumpet specific method and approach to teaching the

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The thing we call slavery and the thing we call capitalism both continue to provoke scholars with their incestuous relationship. In Eric Williams published his classic Capitalism and Slavery which sparked a scholarly conversation that has yet to die down in In many ways, the debates it generated are more vibrant now than ever and promise to be a lasting touchstone for historians well into the future, master thesis power point.

Master thesis power point doubt any longer that an intersection, master thesis power point, or at least a set of shared coordinates, exist between slavery and capitalism. Master thesis power point is currently at stake, however, is exactly how wide and dense that relationship is and where its causal directionalities can be found. Are the current scholarly conceptualizations of slavery and capitalism even productive frameworks to begin with?

Do our very thoughts about slavery and capitalism simply obfuscate the underlying realities behind them— substituting an abstract set of intellectually imposed paradigms to construct two discrete categories where none might actually exist? If not, then what, in fact, is the relationship between a more compartmentalized notion of slavery and capitalism and what kinds of assumptions are we consciously missing by framing the question in a way that asserts their separateness to begin with?

At its most basic, and setting the question of semantics aside for a moment the Williams thesis held that capitalism as an economic modality quickly replaced slavery once European elites accumulated the vast surplus capital master thesis power point slavery that they needed in order to bankroll their industrial revolution.

As the new global standard of industrial capitalism took hold, Williams found that antislavery sentiment conveniently accelerated in support of an apparently more efficient and less capital intensive method of commodity production. Slavery, in short, was no longer needed.

Ideological superstructure followed the economic base. Labor coercion continued postemancipation in the form of sharecropping and wage peonage as former slaves quickly experienced proletarianization, master thesis power point. In the end, technological change, modern agricultural methods, and industrial factories supplanted traditional agrarianism and ended the older feudalistic relationships of slavery.

Perhaps the most sweeping account to recently push outward from the Williams thesis is The Making of New World Slavery by Robin Blackburn. For Blackburn, slavery not only enabled European capitalism but also the entire cornucopia of European modernity itself.

In exploring the interdependence of slavery and capitalism it turns out that, for Blackburn, Williams actually did not go far enough. Blackburn details how a vast cosmos of forces from modern nation-states, master thesis power point, tax systems, financial industries, consumer economies, and a host of other political, ideological, economic, and cultural transformations were all built upon the backs of enslaved Africans. Rather than finding a stark shift in the age of emancipation from slavery to capitalism, master thesis power point, however, Blackburn describes an ever thickening dialectic between slavery and modernity at large, with capitalism serving as only one of many transformative processes that grew directly out of slavery between the fifteenth and the eighteenth centuries.

Master thesis power point drawing clear lines that define where one system stops and where the other begins seems almost inescapable if one does speak of them as two separate things at all, as Blackburn clearly does. Robert William Fogel and Stanley Engerman produced a detailed economic analysis in — Time on the Cross— indicating that nineteenth century slavery was highly profitable, on the rise, and able, at the least, to compete favorably with agricultural wage labor and yeomen farming if not full scale mechanized agribusiness.

Even though these finding may have shown that Williams got the driving force of antislavery thought and emancipation wrong at least on economic grounds it amplified the powerful and durable effects of slavery on the material development of capitalism and the modern world.

By demonstrating how closely slave labor resembled wage labor at least when analyzed financially for profitability Fogel and Engerman opened the door for Blackburn and many others to explore the fluidity between slavery and capitalism as conceptual means of organizing labor.

Yet slavery however modern or traditional it may or master thesis power point not have been was much more than a system of labor management. It was also a property regime, a social and cultural generator, a legal category, and an ideological touchstone that often drove national politics.

Notions of freedom during the American Revolution, minstrel-watching white immigrants, and black nationalist projects, all at different times engaged ideologically with slavery as a discursive and cultural category. Also important was the connection between capitalism as a consumptive enterprise and slavery as a site that produced consumer goods for the metropole. Sindey Mintz wrote a truly benchmark book in the field of commodity studies that led historians to think increasingly about this connection between consumer capitalism, slavery, and material culture in general.

In Sweetness and Power Mintz argues that European industrialization, urbanization, and class formation were all fueled by sugar master thesis power point slave plantations. Consumers in Europe were at once purchasing an abstract commodity removed from the brutal system that produced it, while at the same time enmeshing themselves in a transatlantic trade network that tied the daily nourishment that they master thesis power point into their bodies directly to the master thesis power point of slavery and the slaves that suffered to produce it.

Slavery consumed slaves in order to produce consumer goods, all while providing a market for finished manufactured goods from European centers. Slaves would be compelled to consume before they were themselves consumed. In this way, we see that standing at the center of the Williams thesis are living, master thesis power point, breathing slaves and the question of emancipation. Like many contemporary lay-interpretations of the Civil War, Williams found two competing systems, capitalism and slavery, tangling horns and duking it out.

Emancipation, for Holt, involves the constant agitation of slaves forcing liberal British capitalists to acknowledge the ideological incompatibility of an Adam Smith inspired free market capitalism with slave labor.

In a system that claimed to believe in free markets populated by non-coerced individuals pursuing their own economic best interests, the freedom to not participate in such an endeavor to begin with was an impulse that had to be quelled at all costs. As this moral and logical dilemma worked its way through British and Jamaican politics, emancipation did not require slavery to be unprofitable, only unpopular.

Slavery, profitable or not, ended for one simple reason in Jamaica: it was voted out of existence. By tracing the complex political negotiations that got the nation to a vote for emancipation, Holt frees the process of emancipation from being characterized as some kind of a natural death through market forces, master thesis power point.

The political struggles between former slaves and former owners, however, were not settled by emancipation but continued long after the coming of freedom. Predictably, mother England responded in kind by installing a neocolonial regime to insure that people of African descent not take their newly earned freedom too far again, master thesis power point.

For Holt, slavery and capitalism as distinct categories need to be disaggregated into their component parts labor, politics, economics, master thesis power point, etc.

with a firm eye towards everyday people and their experiences on the ground. At the same time, relationships between the various aspects of slavery and the many forms of capitalism cannot be dismissed as mere scholarly abstractions. Describing historical contexts accurately and understanding what his actually happening at any given spatial and temporal location is a fundamental prerequisite for good history writing.

Details matter but so do producing useful generalizations that make sense of the world, and at their best, offer a springboard for positive political programs. Much of the recent scholarship has approached the connection between slavery and capitalism through an admirable critique of twenty-first century capitalism. This move has the added benefit of connecting the African diaspora to the history of global capitalism while at master thesis power point same time refusing to allow contemporary politics to dismiss slavery as a thing of the past that is best forgotten as a failed project of a bygone era, master thesis power point.

But is this good history? By brining slavery directly into the present, master thesis power point, the allure of an ever-thinning line between slavery and capitalism is difficult to resist. Several unsettling ramifications of this categorical collapse are readily apparent. Additionally, it also may unwittingly undermine a full accounting of the distinctive horrors of chattel slavery by collapsing such experiences into just one of many forms of capitalist exploitation.

By focusing on the actual lived realities of slaves being bought and sold, Johnson also called attention to the consumptive nature of slavery. Slaves not only produced commodities but were consumed as commodities. White planters bought more than just labor on the auction block. They learned through their purchases how to fulfill their wildest fantasies in a theoretically always open and seemingly limitless marketplace.

They discovered how to affirm their identities based on who they bought. They taught their children how to ignore any moral inhibitions that might curtail their buying habits or dilute their purchase as anything less than the unrestricted orgy of consumption and self-indulgence that they were designed to be, master thesis power point.

As for slaves, Johnson found that they were fully aware of these market realities and skillfully manipulated them to fullest extent possible. Slaves knew they were little more than a person with a price to their owners but also knew that, as such, they were a valuable financial asset and a crucial source of cultural capital for white owners.

Slavery as a property regime was not only prototypically capitalistic for Johnson, but slaves themselves were the idealized embodiments of not only capital but also labor and consumer products in a capitalist economy. While still concerned with the idea of slaves as human property Rockman is more interested in how slave labor was organized alongside the poverty inducing wage labor that also characterized early Baltimore and, master thesis power point, by extension early America.

Rockman found highly entrepreneurial capitalists designing a flexible labor market that depended on a vast spectrum of unfreedoms from poverty stricken white day laborers to legally captive black slaves.

Many would accuse Rockman of skirting the truly distinctive horrors of slavery and the special burden of blackness that people of African descent experienced but when looking strictly at labor procurement, employers seemed to make little distinction between free workers, rented slaves, or bounded slaves except as it related to particular job requirements and capital availability.

Rockman contends that this model in Baltimore was a microcosm for the nation as a whole. When viewed nationally, producers in early America exploited a mixed labor force using different degrees of free and slave labor as local circumstances, master thesis power point, geography, and conditions dictated over time.

For Rockman, there is little doubt that the demands of capitalism governed life throughout America. What is noteworthy in his account is master thesis power point idea that capitalists pragmatically switched back and forth between slave labor when it suited their purposes and wage labor or hired slaves when that seemed to make more sense. Both operated side by side on a sliding scale for most of American history.

The lack of any real freedom at the heart of slavery was never altogether lost on those trying to eke out a living on starvation wages. Where does all this leave the history of capitalism and the study of slavery? Where does this leave the more parochial fields of American and African American history?

On this final point Seth Rockman and Sven Beckert published a New York Times essay in implying to a general audience that the convergence of slavery and capitalism might necessitate a dramatic rethinking of the cause of the Civil War. Just as Genovese had wondered a generation earlier what a full blown capitalist South might have meant for the Confederate project, Rockman and Beckert—convinced of just such a reality—see a huge hole in current Civil War historiography. Slavery might not have been its cause.

Why did capitalist slaveholders still find a reason to secede from their Northern capitalist partners in crime when both were master thesis power point and both benefited from slavery? If capitalism and slavery were really part of the same globally connected economic order—and essentially compatible with one another—why was the South so resistant to wage labor? Part of the answer may involve a return to ideology. The material realities of trade networks, commodity markets, and labor struggles can at times prove largely out of step with how everyday people perceived these forces through thick ideological lenses.

Politics can zig while economics zag. Understanding how people thought about slavery and capitalism might ultimately be just as important as how these systems functioned empirically. Thinking about capitalism as a worldview and political ideology as Holt and others have done in different contexts may also help answer the Civil War and emancipation questions.

A system that was master thesis power point, expanding, and in accord with its Northern business associates might still have seen itself as otherwise while being seen as something different once the complex dance of electoral politics, popular culture, and finicky ideologies start to move, master thesis power point.

Lastly, more work needs to be done on how African Americans themselves perceived and interacted with various capitalist forces. Initial evidence shows that black slaveholders, for example, may have been working on an alternate brand of capitalism—and consequently an alternative modernity—of their own design.

Dylan Penningroth in Claims of Kinfolk details the informal economy and unique understandings of property that African Americans developed during slavery master thesis power point that were carried forward after emancipation as a means of challenging dominate conceptualizations of property and ownership in American law and the marketplace at large, master thesis power point.

Studies on black nationalism and the reimagining of Booker T. By way master thesis power point a tentative conclusion, slavery and capitalism might best be described as inseparable yet also irreducible to one another. They must be understood as both distinctive yet permanently connected. Certain aspects of each system overlap with one another while other parts of each system seem to stand apart, master thesis power point.

Yet thinking of either institution as a fully coherent system with a stable set of principles, master thesis power point, ideological foundations, or fixed operational protocols largely misses the point. It would also be ahistorical. The contingencies, possibilities, and fluid variations within master thesis power point and slavery mean that both ideas themselves must be described with extreme care and with a full appreciation of their internal complexities and diverse elements which shift dramatically over different temporal and spatial domains.

While our current political needs are unquestionably urgent, the narrative of slavery and capitalism must not just be a master thesis power point story, master thesis power point, but a precise one as well. Seeing connections has its advantages. Yet understanding the incomparable horrors of slavery and the transformative rupture of emancipation does as well.

Guy Emerson Mount is currently a postdoctoral research fellow in the Department of History at the University of Chicago. His book manuscript, "The Last Reconstruction: Race, Nation, and Empire in the Black Pacific," analyses the end of American slavery in conjunction with the birth of American overseas empire.

Follow him on Twitter GuyEmersonMount.

How to Prepare for Your Master's Thesis Defense

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Capitalism and Slavery: Reflections on the Williams Thesis | AAIHS

Master’s students focus on interdisciplinary training in biology, medicine and engineering, and some programs include options for business classes. Programs typically include thesis and non-thesis tracks. Master’s degree students take courses such as: biomaterials, artificial organs, and tissue engineering. Management Information Frink was a master teacher for nearly 25 years and fostered a battalion of students who unanimously hold her, and her method, in the highest regard. On July 13, , Laurie Frink lost her battle against cancer and passed away at age Her death created a vacuum of information regarding her trumpet specific method and approach to teaching the All our essays and assignments are written from scratch and are not connected to any essay database. Every essay is written independent from other previously written essays even though the essay question might be similar. We also do not at any point resell any paper that